Today In History

May 3rd

1656 – Edmond Halley is Born

On May 3, 1656, Edmond Halley, the English astronomer and mathematician, was born. He is best known for predicting the return of the comet that now bears his name—Halley’s Comet—which appears approximately every 76 years. His work in celestial mechanics laid the foundation for modern astronomy.

1791 – The Constitution of May 3rd is Adopted in Poland

One of the most significant achievements in European political history, the Constitution of May 3, 1791, was adopted in Poland. It was the first modern constitution in Europe and the second in the world after the United States. This progressive document aimed to establish a constitutional monarchy, reduce the power of the nobility, and grant greater rights to the people. Despite its short-lived implementation due to external invasions, it remains a symbol of Polish sovereignty and democracy.

1802 – Washington, D.C. is Incorporated

On May 3, 1802, Washington, D.C. was officially incorporated as a city. Originally designed to serve as the capital of the United States, it became a distinct federal district with its own governance system. Over time, D.C. has grown into a significant political and cultural hub, home to the White House, Congress, and numerous national monuments.

1901 – The Great Fire of Jacksonville, Florida

On this day in 1901, the Great Fire of Jacksonville swept through the city, destroying nearly 146 city blocks, including over 2,300 buildings. It remains one of the largest urban fires in U.S. history. The fire began at a mattress factory and, fueled by strong winds, spread rapidly, leaving thousands homeless. Jacksonville’s recovery led to a modernization of its infrastructure and the growth of a new skyline.

1921 – West Virginia Becomes the First State to Legislate a Broad Sales Tax

West Virginia passed the first broad sales tax law in the United States on May 3, 1921. However, due to difficulties with enforcement, the tax was not implemented until years later. This marked the beginning of a significant shift in how states generated revenue, with sales taxes eventually becoming a common economic policy tool across the country.

1949 – Shelley v. Kraemer Supreme Court Decision

On May 3, 1949, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Shelley v. Kraemer, a landmark civil rights case that struck down racial covenants in housing. The court determined that while private agreements to discriminate in housing were legal, state enforcement of such agreements violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. This case played a crucial role in dismantling institutionalized housing discrimination in America.

1952 – The First Successful Landing at the North Pole

On May 3, 1952, Joseph O. Fletcher and William Pershing Benedict became the first Americans to successfully land an aircraft at the geographic North Pole. Flying a U.S. Air Force C-47 aircraft, their mission helped advance Arctic exploration and scientific research.

1981 – Bobby Allison Crashes at Talladega Superspeedway

On May 3, 1987, NASCAR legend Bobby Allison At the 1987 Winston 500, Bobby Allison blew a tire in the track’s frontstretch at high speeds, causing his car to go airborne and crash into a protective catchfence, injuring four spectators. Considered to be one of the most influential moments in NASCAR’s history, as a result of Allison’s crash, NASCAR introduced the restrictor plate to reduce speeds; a requirement that lasted until 2019.

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Notable Birthdays

Bing Crosby (1903–1977)

Legendary singer and actor Bing Crosby was born on May 3, 1903. He was one of the most influential entertainers of the 20th century, known for hits like White Christmas and his smooth baritone voice. Crosby’s influence extended beyond music, as he was a major figure in film and broadcasting as well.

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Holidays and Observances

Constitution Memorial Day (Japan)

Japan observes Constitution Memorial Day on May 3rd to commemorate the adoption of its post-World War II constitution in 1947. This day highlights the principles of democracy, peace, and human rights in modern Japan.

3 May Constitution Day (Poland, Lithuania)

Poland and Lithuania celebrate 3 May Constitution Day in honor of the adoption of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s groundbreaking 1791 constitution. It is a national holiday that symbolizes freedom, democracy, and national pride.

Sun Day (United States)

Established in 1978 by President Jimmy Carter, Sun Day promotes the use of solar energy and alternative renewable energy sources. It was part of a broader initiative to encourage environmental awareness and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

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Disclaimer: This information is pulled from the Wikipedia calendar and may not be fully accurate.